El concepto de imputación debe vincularse a la aparición de hechos con apariencia delictiva en los que la tipicidad se haya concretado desde el inicio de la instrucción judicial. No hay imputación si los hechos no tienen apariencia delictiva, si solo se presumen los elementos o algunos de ellos, que conforman un hecho en su relevancia penal.
La instrucción, cuando se dirige a investigar la posible tipicidad de hechos que no presentan dicho carácter delictivo inicialmente, pierde su naturaleza judicial y contradictoria, para convertirse en un acto administrativo o policial en el que la defensa es imposible en un sentido material.
Y esa exigencia legal debe tener un reflejo en la regulación de una fase de instrucción que ha perdido su carácter jurisdiccional y se ha tornado prospectiva en consonancia al papel adquirido por la policía, cuya función, indiscutible y necesaria, no puede trasladarse al seno del proceso penal.
The concept of criminal charge should be linked to the emergence of facts with criminal appearance in which the crime stated in law has been specified at the beginning of the judicial investigation. There is no criminal charge if the facts do not have criminal appearance, if only their elements or some of them could be presumed, which make up a fact in his criminal relevance.
The investigation stage, when is aimed to investigate the possible criminality of facts that do not present this criminal nature initially loses its judicial and contradictory nature to become an administrative or police act, in relation to which the suspect’s fundamental rights, as to the right to legal advice, are no possible to achieve.
In addition, that legal requirement must have a reflection in the regulation of the investigative stage that has lost its jurisdictional nature, and has become in harmony with the prospective role assumed by the police, whose function, indisputable and necessary, cannot be transferred to the core of the criminal process.
DIRECTOR
