Alcune osservazioni sui “diritti umani”. (RI §407921)  

Para compreder adecuadamente los aspectos esenciales sobre los “derechos humanos” es esencial un análisis de la rica terminología conceptual que se contien en las fuentes jurisprudenciales romanas. La más reciente y reconocida doctrina romanista considera que Ulpiano puede considerarse uno de los más influyentes precursores. Los principios del ius Romanum, que comprende, ius naturale, ius civile e ius gentium pueden dar respuestas válidas en este tema al alba del tercer milenio. Frente a la constatata insuficiencia de los derecho estatales para afrontar y resolver los problemas de una sociedad multiétnica la idea di una societas iuris civium no ligada a la territorialidad podría ser una via eficaz para una tutela efectiva de los principios y valores de los que cada hombre es portador.

1. Ulpiano precursore dei “diritti umani” e il concetto di natura – 2. Praecepta iuris – 3. Diritto romano e naturalia praecepta, aut gentium (gentes humanae) – 4. Ius humanum – 5. La tutela dei diritti umani (astrazioni moderne) – 6. La costituzione italiana – 7. Patriarcato di Mosca – 8. Alcune considerazioni conclusive – 9. Bibliografia essenziale.

Palabras clave: Derechos humanos; Dignidad del hombre; Jurisprudencia romana; Principios generales;

In order to understand the conceptual aspects of Human Rights it is essential to examine, from a terminological point of view, the sources of Roman law, specifying that recently Roman law doctrinal scholars have established Ulpian, the III century A.D. jurist, as a precursor of human rights as defined in modern times. Today, Romanists’ main purpose must be to rebuild jurists’ historical memory by going back to the sources and recovering some ancient concepts of the juridical-religious Roman system. Can the principles of ius Romanum (that is ius naturale, ius civile and ius gentium) give an answer to the problems of man at the dawn of the third millenium? A universal and concrete ius, that men even today (in the so-called period of globalization) can use against the anti-humanism, is the ars boni et aequi of the Roman jurists. Rule of law, when defined solely as rights determined by the state, is evidently limited in addressing and solving the problems of a multiethnic society. Therefore, the idea of a societas iuris civium with no links to territory subjectivist concepts could be the only way to effectively protect the principles (values) that every man carries within himself.